shared wiring

If some intruder tries to open the door of your house, this circuit sounds an alarm to alert you against the attempted intrusion. The circuit (Fig. 1) uses readily available, low-cost components. For compactness, an alkaline 12V battery is used for powering the unit. Input DC supply is further regulated to a steady DC voltage of 5V by 3-pin regulator IC 7805 (IC2).

Fig. 1: Circuit of the door guard

Assemble the unit on a general-purpose PCB as shown in Fig. 4 and mount the same on the door as shown in Fig. 3. Now mount a piece of mirror on the door frame such that it is exactly aligned with the unit. Pin configurations of IC UM3561 and transistors 2N5777 and BC547 are shown in Fig. 2. 

Fig. 2: Pin configurations of UM3561 and transistors 2N5777 and BC547

Initially, when the door is closed, the infrared (IR) beam transmitted by IR LED1 is reflected (by the mirror) back to phototransistor 2N5777 (T1). The IR beam falling on phototransistor T1 reverse biases npn transistor T2 and IC1 does not get positive supply at its pin 5. As a result, no tone is produced at its output pin 3 and the loudspeaker remains silent. Resistor R1 limits the operating current for the IR LED.

When the door isopened, the absence of IR rays at phototransistor T1 forward biases npn transistor T2, which provides supply to  positiveIC1. Now 3-sirensound generator IC UM3561 (IC1) gets power via resistor R5. The output of IC1 at pin 3 is amplified by Darlington-pair transistors T3 and T4 to produce the alert tone via the loudspeaker. 

Fig. 3: Back view of the door assembly

Fig. 4: Suggested enclosure with major components layout

Author : T.K. Hareendran